The Cell Phone Education Regulation Act - 872 Words

The United States Constitution charged Congress with the authority to create agencies to determine legislative laws that are enforceable across the country. The Cell Phone Education Regulation Act created by Congress has the authority to develop laws regarding cell phone use in primary schools. As legislative powers cannot be transferred or delegated, was Congress proper in authorizing the Cellular Educational Service the power to enforce certain regulations through criminal penalties to primary school students or was this a violation of improper delegation of powers? By targeting female students more than male students, was the Cellular Education Service in violation of 20 U.S.C.A  §1681 which provides that there shall be no discrimination based on sex in any educational facility? Does the school officials’ decision to keep the cell phones which are confiscated during the random searches, violate the 5th Amendment of the Constitution which guarantees that before any power or authority can take a person’s life, liberty or property, there must be constitutional safeguards set in place? Aren’t the students and their parents afforded due process under the 5th and 14th Amendments of the Constitution which provides the right to receive with ample notice and reason why the Cellular Educational Services enacted the rules and regulations that it did? In the case of New Jersey v. T.L.O., the Supreme Court ruled that students are protected by the 4th Amendment to the U.S.Show MoreRelatedThe Cell Phone Education Regulation Act963 Words   |  4 PagesCongress established of the Cellular Educational Service (CES) to oversee the creation and enforcement of the necessary rules and regulations that meet the objectives of the Cell Phone Education Regulation Act to challenge the possession and use of cellular phones by students in primary school. Through its delegated power CES set a list of requirements and regulations that asked all students to undergo searches of their outfits, bags, lockers, and desks each morning. The rules also permitted randomRead MoreGlobal Positioning Systems Gps On Cell Phones1703 Words   |  7 Pagessystems on cell phones such as finding friends, family members, maps and places to visit. Furthermore, cell phone GPS have proven useful in saving lives during emergencies. In this matter, it is important to ment ion that the United States of America Federal Communications Commission have made a E-911 application and E112 in Europe which requires cell phone companies to provide an accurate location of a cell phone user who calls for emergency help. However, the location of the cell phone user mustRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Media1683 Words   |  7 Pagesconcert, and his home address, phone number, and demographic information from patient’s electronic health records without the patient’s consent without the consent of the patient or without clarifying anyone if it is okay then send some of these pictures to her best friend to make her jealous. Now suppose â€Å"You are the following nurse on the day shift and discover the night nurse’s phone on the bedside table. While trying to figure out to whom it belongs, you open the phone and see the photographs takenRead MoreThe Importance Of Cell Phones And Driving1053 Words   |  5 Pagesmore strict regulations in cellphone user among students, and drivers. Over years, studies have revealed that there are certain statistics of the population, teenagers and adults, by a mass of number, regarding the use of cell phones that they are no more conscious of what is going on around them. â€Å"Studies found out that more than 90 percent of students admit to using their devices for non-class activities during class times.† During class hours, students are busy texting on their phones while theRead MoreDiscovering The Relationship Between the Law and Your School Essay933 Words   |  4 Pagesadministrators will face and they must know the constitutional rights of individuals and the school. The Constitution contains the laws of the United States. Discovering the Relationship between the Law and Your School There are no references to education in the Constitution, but it does speak of the operation and management of the schools and the protection of the students’, faculty’s, and staff’s individual rights. There are many issues, both social and economic, that requires legal action. ChildrenRead MoreThe Management Plan For A New Employee1250 Words   |  5 Pagesapproach to reducing risk vulnerability of HIPPA regulations. The risk management group also assists with providing, making and training the policies, procedures and protocols. (Nurse Services Organization, 2010) Developing key policies that is easy to understand and follow but be compliant with regulations is the ultimate goal. In the risk management and analysis the company should follow steps. First is to find the purpose which is to review HIPPA regulations. Next is collecting the data which needs reviewingRead MoreThe Problem. Cyberbullying Is An Unforeseen Consequence1104 Words   |  5 Pagesdepressi on. A successful way to halt the problem of cyberbullying is to awareness, education, reporting, and rules. The Proposal Parent of children that own cellphones, tablets and computers need to be aware of what applications and websites that their children have access to. Parents as well as teachers need to pay attention to the proper use of a cell phone or tablet. If a child is allowed access to their cell phone all day, it allows them to be the target or source of cyber violence. Parents needRead MoreProject Activities And Sequencing Scenarios1689 Words   |  7 PagesScenarios Heather S. Wenick CPMGT/301 November 30, 2015 Joseph Broberg Project and Activities Sequencing Scenarios At the for profit college, the upper management is experiencing an issue with their employee’s morale. Because there are government regulations that do not allow for traditional sales bonuses be given to employees, they need to find a way to offer their employees, who do everything they can to get as many enrollments as possible (just like any other sales company), go without any type ofRead MoreThe Importance Of Video Phones883 Words   |  4 PagesMy cell phone alarm goes off at 8 am, and I grab my phone for my morning scroll. I start on Facebook and skim through the updates, only clicking on two pieces: one, Dan Rather’s posts in which he writes live updates about his road trip to Mount Rushmore with his grandson, and a Vox article about Disney’s live-action adaptation of Aladdin. After reading the latter, I switch to Chrome to look up the lead actors, finding a more detailed article in The Atlantic. After an hour of following the â€Å"bunnyRead MoreBenefits Of Smartphones On The Healthcare Setting1367 Words   |  6 Pagesprotections for individually identifiable health information held by covered entities and their business associates and gives patients an array of rights with respect to that information.† (Health Information Privacy). Although the act that was performed using a cell phone was unacceptable and against the law, mobile devices in the healthcare setting prove to have some beneficial uses. The Advantages of Smartphones in the Healthcare Setting Since 2009 there has been increase of technology use in

The Cuban Missile Crisis Background - 1620 Words

The Cuban Missile Crisis Background The Cuban missile Crisis was an intense Time for the U.S, Cuba and Russia at this time of the period. The cold War was fought into two groups the Western Bloc (The united states and NATO the allies and other countries.) The Nato also known as North Atlantic Alliance. NATO was intergovernmental military alliance compacted based by the North Atlantic Treaty signed on 4, 1949. The NATO a system of defense and if a country that was being attack by another country or external party and who ever was part of the NATO would have to send soldiers to the April country and help them fight of the invade. The NATO was also used during the Korean War when North Korea invaded South Korea on Saturday, 24 June 1950. NATO is going till this day and has increased over the past year. The NATO did not really voted for a leader because it would look like a dictatorship but it was made up of the representative of the allies, including ambassador, minister and head of state and government and there was no voting and decision by majority. Well Russia seen that the United States making allies with countries across The Atlantic Ocean. So, the Russians created the Warsaw Pact to get alliance from other countries. The Soviets and the seven satellite states signed a mutual defense organization Treaty (Warsaw Pact) that allowed The Soviet Union to control their army. The seven countries that were part of the Warsaw Pact were , Albania, Poland, Romania, Hungary, EastShow MoreRelatedThe Cuban Missile Crisis During The Cold War1378 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cuban Missile Crisis occurred in 1963 in a setting that was the high point of tension in the Cold War. The most significant background cause of the Cuban Missile Crisis was the underlying cold war ideology of capitalism vs communism. This was dramatically increased by the second key cause, a series of events that quickly built tensions between the super powers from 1959 such as the U2 incident, JFK’s response to the Berlin Wall, and the Bay of Pigs incident. The thir d cause was the relationshipRead MoreRussia and the Cuban Missile Crisis Essay939 Words   |  4 PagesRussia, The Cuban Missile Crisis During the end of World War II, a political struggle existed between the Western World, North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies, and the Eastern Bloc. Lasting until 1991, this struggle was better known as the Cold War. At the helm of these sides was the United States of America and the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics or better known as the Soviet Union. Both of these nations were constantly competing amongst each other in order to demonstrate their superiorityRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis ( Cmc )1435 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cuban Missile Crisis (CMC) was a 13 day standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States (U.S) regarding nuclear bases being built in Cuba. The politically charged conflict occurred on the October 14th, 1962 and almost resorted in nuclear war. The Crisis remains as an example of one of the most terrifying events to occur within history. It was an extreme threat for those of society, which existed for 13 long and endless days. If the Crisis hadnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t been adverted, countries would be annihilatedRead MoreCuban Missile Crisis Essay1203 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cuban Missile Crisis was a 13 day political and military deadlock in 1962 between the United States and the Soviet Union. It appeared that the Soviet Union was installing nuclear missiles in Cuba, and it was the closest the United States has ever came to a nuclear war. Using the movie, 13 Days, the Cuban Missile Crisis is explained and compared to the actual event. The crisis was led to by the Cold War. The Cold War was a period between 1947 and 1991 of geopolitical tension between the corruptedRead More Analysis of Thirteen Days Directed by Robert Donaldson Essay1563 Words   |  7 Pagesunmistakable evidence has established the fact that a series of offensive missile sites is now in preparation on that imprisoned island. The purpose of these bases can be none other than to provide a nuclear strike capability against the Western Hemisphere.† These are the exact words spoken by John F. Kennedy in his address to the nation on October 22, 1962. The president had finally told the American people what was happening with the crisis in Cuba and what that government was determined to do about it.Read MoreJohn F. Kennedy s Accomplishments1452 Words   |  6 Pageshistory made tremendous contributions to create what our country is today. John F. Kennedy deserves lifetime achievement award because he impacted the United States by launching Sput nik into space, tackling communism, and bravely approaching the Cuban Missile Crisis. In the year 1917, on the 29th of May, John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born to Joseph and Rose Kennedy. Kennedy was born into a family of eleven, with three brothers and five sisters (overview ). As he grew older, Kennedy followed his olderRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy : The President Of The United States991 Words   |  4 Pagesoffice to remind him of ultimately the place that began his career in politics (O’Reilly 32). It is important for a president to think back of the previous life that he lead before he became the most essential man in the country. Because of Kennedy’s background in the military, he was able to appeal to those going through similar scenarios. While campaigning, JFK once stood out on a cold night to talk to the mothers who lost their sons that fought in the Second World War in a moving speech (O’Reilly 31)Read MoreI Am John Fitzgerald Kennedy s Inaugural Address1616 Words   |  7 Pagesyounger and younger generations. Humanity is a powerful for ce. Immediately after my speech, a petition was created with over 1,000 signatures supporting my ideas with pledges ready serve. â€Å"Since then, more than 150,000 citizens of all ages and backgrounds have worked in more than 130 countries throughout the world as volunteers in such fields as health, teaching, agriculture, urban planning, skilled trades, forestry, sanitation, and technology† (Burner 1). I wanted to pursue widespread change. IRead MoreThe Historical Measures Of Our Country1287 Words   |  6 Pages Comparatively, John F. Kennedy gave a rather moving speech over a more relevant topic helped establish this nation known as the Cuban Missile Crisis Speech. His speech begins by briefly covering the major events that had recently occurred around the world, just giving some background. Then he explains that the Cuban Missile Crisis was reported as an official crisis by the government and proceeds to explain their thought process of how to handle the situation. This point in time was very horrifyingRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis1016 Words   |  4 Pages Events leading up to this potential catastrophic war was the Cuban Revolution, the failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion, US anti-communism, insecurity of the Soviet Union, and Cubas fear of invasion. Thankfully, the conflict was avoided due to great cooperation from both President John F. Kennedy of the United States and Soviet Union leader, Nikita Khrushchev. Each decision made by each leader was vital in the outcome of The Cris is. Kennedys choice to take action by methods of quarantine instead

Automatic Controls for Any Process Free Essays

Chapter 5 Automatic Controls Automation plays a really critical function in the development and promotion of any system. Automatic control refers to the control of any procedure, device or a system utilizing automatic agencies instead than manual control. Automation a system is done to better the public presentation and to increase the productiveness of the system. We will write a custom essay sample on Automatic Controls for Any Process or any similar topic only for you Order Now Automatic control has become an built-in portion in every field whether it is industry, robotics, vehicles, power workss, etc. to increase the productiveness, public presentation and efficiency of the system control systems are used to accomplish the mechanization. Control system fundamentally refers to the interconnectedness of the constituents to configure the system to bring forth the coveted end product. 5.1 Types of Control System There are fundamentally two types of control systems: img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1012670.001.png"/ Figure 5.1 Basic types of Control systems Closed cringle system is good than unfastened cringle system. The control system used for this undertaking is a closed cringle electronic control unit which can command the end product of the system. 5.2 Components of Control system There are assorted constituents of control system that includes the procedure whose end product is to be controlled, informations acquisition unit, electronic control unit and end product devices. 5.2.1 Procedure It is the basic constituent of the control system as this is the constituent whose end product is to be controlled utilizing the automatic control. So it is required to mathematically pattern the procedure to understand the behavior of the input and so bring forth the desired and controlled end product ( Mutambara Arthur 1999 ) . Top of Form Bottom of Form 5.2.2 Data Acquisition Unit It is that unit of the system that can mensurate electrical or physical measure in the signifier of electromotive force, current, temperature, sound, etc. It by and large measures the parallel signal and so treat it utilizing signal conditioning or parallel to digital convertor. The physiological information from the detectors is send to the cardinal unit to be processed. PIC16f73 microcontroller is used as the nucleus of DAU and it performs the parallel to digital transition and so sends the processed end product signal to the end product device. PIC microcontroller is chosen as it provides the necessary functionalities needed to the user. Besides it has high velocity parallel to digital transition ability. PIC microcontroller is farther connected to liquid crystal show ( LCD ) , doorbell and a motor to expose the end product. Basic constituents of DAQ unit: img alt="http://www.ni.com/images/features/us/111201_fg_daq_info_graphic.jpg" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1012670.002.jpg"/ Figure 5.2 Components of DAQ unit ( What is data acquisition? 2014 ) Detector:Sensor is an input device used to mensurate the physiological signals like temperature, light olfactory property, etc. It is besides called transducer that converts a physical signal into measureable electrical signal. The electrical end product of the detector may be in the signifier of current, electromotive force, opposition or other electrical signal depending upon the type of detector used. In this undertaking, intoxicant detector and eye-blink detectors are used which are already discussed in the old chapter 3 and 4. DAQ Device:It is the interface between the input signal from the detector and the computing machine. It is fundamentally used to change over the linear signal coming from the detector into a digital signal which can be easy interpreted by the computing machine. Its chief map is to mensurate the parallel signal utilizing signal conditioning and so change over it into digital signifier. For this undertaking the microcontroller will move as a DAQ device and it will work on the instructions programmed in its memory. Microcontroller used in this undertaking has inbuilt parallel to digital convertor so there is no demand to link parallel to digital convertor externally. Computer System:The DAQ device is connected to the computing machine utilizing a port. The computing machine coach linking the DAQ and the computing machine system acts as a communicating nexus between the computing machine and the DAQ device for go throughing the instructions and the measured informations. In this undertaking, a plan is written in programming package ( Mikro C ) and this plan is fed into the DAQ device utilizing a microcontroller burner and a coach. This connexion between the DAQ device and computing machine is made merely for infixing the codification into it. After that there is no demand for computing machine, the device will execute its maps on its ain ( What is data acquisition? 2014 ) . 5.2.3 Electronic Control unit The electronic control unit ( ECU ) controls the fuel system, ignition system and velocity of the engine. It chiefly consists of microprocessors or microcontrollers, random entree memory ( RAM ) , read merely memory ( ROM ) and input end product devices. Based on the information from the input detectors, the ECU determines the end product of the electronics circuit. It is considered as the encephalon of the control system as its work is to take the signal and bring forth the automatically controlled signal required by the end product. Microcontroller serves both the intent of informations acquisition and commanding the end products of the undertaking ( Vincent T, Ciulla 2002 ) . 5.2.4 Output Actuator It is besides known as end product device that converts the electrical signal into some physical end product. It receives the controlled signal from the electronic control unit in the signifier of electrical signal. It is the device which influences the procedure of the system physically and forces the device to bring forth the coveted end product. The actuator applicable to this undertaking is motor that is used to bespeak the end product of the system. This undertaking besides requires a control unit as the vehicle is automatically controlled in this system. 5.3 Types of electronic control Three types of electronic controls are used majorly in any system ; img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1012670.003.png"/ Figure 5.3 Types of Electronic Controls Comparison between different types of controls is given in the following tabular array based upon their characteristics and public presentation. This comparing is drawn to find the best suited type of control to be used in this undertaking. Table 5.1 Comparison between different types of controls Microprocessor Microcontroller Programmable Logic Control A microprocessor works as a Central Processing Unit of a general intent computing machine. It can be considered as micro computing machine as all the constituents are embedded on a individual bit. It is a specialised system designed to command the industrial procedures and machinery. I/O ports, memory, timers, interrupts, etc are non inbuilt so they are connected externally. Microcontroller has all the excess peripherals like I/O ports, memory, timers, counters, interrupts, etc are built-in inside the bit merely. It has a programmable memory to hive away specific maps like on/off control, timers, counters, arithmetic and informations handling. It has limited figure of inputs and end products. Microprocessors based systems are bulky and really much expensive as it gives really high processing velocity. These are easy available and are less bulky and much cheaper than microprocessors. PLCs are usage programmed for merely peculiar undertakings so their hardware is really dearly-won and need regular care. But its drawback is that it has really few pins that are programmable. Most of the pins of microcontroller are programmable. It is a programmable logic control and uses ladder logic for scheduling. It can merely manage a few spots of instructions as it has really less built-in memory. It has inbuilt memory so it has many spots to manage instructions. It has really small memory which can manage few instructions. It is widely used in desktop computing machines and laptop, notepads, etc due to its high processing velocity. It has moderate processing velocity so it is widely used in little control systems, contraptions like oven, telecastings, etc. It is by and large used for industrial applications for automatic control of industrial machinery, procedure etc. Slightly big size due to excess peripherals and operates above 1Ghz. Small in size and operates from really few MHzs to 30-50 Mhz. Its size varies from little, medium to really big PLC panels. Examples of microprocessors are 8085, 8086, INTEL Pentium series, etc. Examples of microcontrollers are INTEL8051, PIC16f73, PIC16F877, etc. Examples of PLC are industrial control, industrial safety applications, etc. The research worker decided to utilize the microcontroller bit for the processing of detected signals because it is little in size, cheap and consumes less power. It does non necessitate any external input/ end product ports, memory, timers or interrupts as it has all these characteristics inbuilt in its internal architecture. Higher integrating of microcontroller besides reduces the cost and size of the system which serves the basic demand of the user every bit good as the research worker. PLC based systems are really much expensive to be used for this intent ( Basics of microcontrollers 2011 ) . 5.3.1 Choice of microcontroller for the undertaking After make up one’s minding the microcontroller it is of import to make up one’s mind which microcontroller should be used in this peculiar undertaking that can outdo suit the demands of the undertaking. For this intent a comparing between different types of microcontroller is drawn in the undermentioned tabular array. Table 5.2 Comparison of Different Microcontrollers Properties PIC microcontroller Microcontroller 8051 AVR Direction Set It is based on RISC ( Reduced direction set calculation ) . It has merely 35 set of instructions that makes its architecture easy to larn. It is based on CISC ( Complex direction set calculation ) . It has a big figure of instructions about 250 instructions. It is besides based on RISC ( Reduced direction set calculation ) but it has big direction set i.e. non-orthogonal. It has about 140 instructions. Processing Speed It can treat 3 million instructions per second because in 1 machine rhythm of PIC, clock frequence is divided by 4. It can treat 1 million instructions per second because in 1 machine rhythm of 8051, clock frequence is divided by 12. It can treat 12 million instructions per second because in 1 machine rhythm of AVR, clock frequence is divided by 1. ADC Its velocity of parallel to digital transition is really fast than AVR’s. It does non hold inbuilt parallel to digital convertors like PIC and AVR. Its parallel to digital transition velocity is slower than PIC. Power ingestion It has least power ingestion. It consumes the most power out of all the three microcontrollers. It consumer higher power than PIC microcontroller. Programing It is really easy programmable IC as it really easy to code. Cryptography of microcontroller 8051 is besides easy. It has really complex cryptography for novices as compared to other two microcontrollers. Memory It has 8k brassy memory, 368?8 byte RAM. It has 256 byte internal RAM and 4k on-chip ROM. It has 8k byte flash memory, 1k byte RAM. Cost and Availability It is easy available in market and that excessively at low cost. It is besides low lost and easy available. It is dearly-won as compared to 8051 and PIC micro accountant and handiness is besides limited. As detectors are used in this undertaking so it is better to utilize a microcontroller with built-in ADC with fast transition velocity alternatively of utilizing separate ADC after every detection faculty. By maintaining this in head the research worker had studied the characteristics of assorted microcontrollers which can be used to implement the accident bar system and eventually reached to the decision of utilizing PIC ( Peripheral Interface Controller ) microcontroller. Researcher decided to utilize PIC16f73 is used in the undertaking due to its high parallel to digital transition. The pin architecture of PIC16f73 is given figure 5.4. 5.4 Architecture of PIC16f73 microcontroller img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1012670.004.png"/ Figure 5.4 Architecture of microcontroller PIC16f73 ( Microchip 2002 ) It is a 28 pin IC and the coveted undertaking can be made utilizing 28 pins with 3 input end product ports. It has 192 byte RAM ( Random Access Memory ) and it is based on RISC architecture with merely 35 set of instructions. It has 8k brassy memory, 4k programmable memory and 368?8 byte RAM. It has 3 ports viz. port A, B and C. Port A consists of 5 parallel to digital channels for ADC transition. Assorted parametric quantities for choosing PIC16f73 microcontroller are listed below. Performance:PIC16f73 microcontroller which will be used in the execution of this undertaking is a 28 pin IC with 3 input-output ports. It besides has 192 bytes of RAM ( Random Access Memory ) and is based on RISC ( Reduced Instruction Set Computation ) architecture for better public presentation of the Accident Prevention System. It has much faster transition velocity of parallel to digital transition than other accountants. Power ingestion:A PIC controlled system has minimal power ingestion with good public presentation which is needed by the accident bar system. So this characteristic of PIC is really utile for the system being developed as the system would work on minimum power without compromising the system public presentation. Memory:The accident bar system utilizing intoxicant and oculus winking sensing can be done utilizing the built-in memory of PIC but still if the demand of memory of the system increases. PIC microcontroller besides has 4k programmable brassy memory and most of the PIC based systems are memory expandible and can spread out its memory as per use and type of application. To implement this system its built-in memory is adequate ( Bates Martin, 2011 ) . Therefore from this chapter, the control unit used for this undertaking is finalized. This chapter gives a brief overview of assorted control devices. Comparison between different control systems is drawn. The justification for taking a peculiar control unit is besides given. The short account of microcontroller used is besides given in this chapter. Now all the basic constituents to be used in the undertaking are decided. Therefore from the following chapter, design of circuitry and the system will be done. After that this system should be implemented and so tested. How to cite Automatic Controls for Any Process, Essay examples